Autoimmune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia

Special note drug immune thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in newborns.

Medicinal occurs when the medication penicillin, antibiotics, diuretics, blockers of H2-histamine receptors, etc. For this form of the disease characterized by a hemorrhagic rash on the whole body surface (mainly on the lower limbs), which disappear after discontinuation of the drug.

Causes of thrombocytopenia in newborns depend on whether the disease is primary or secondary.

• Primary: autoimmune, transammonia, geterogennyi, alloimmune.
• Secondary arise as a consequence of immunosuppression, infectious lesions of the body, aplastic anemia, hemangioma, hematological malignancies, acute asphyxia, prematurity and postmaturity.

Thrombocytopenia in newborns is quite rare (1-2/10,000), but is quite dangerous disease with possible fatal outcome.

Pathogenesis

For any type of autoimmune thrombocytopenia is characterized by the shortening of the life span of platelets. In peripheral blood these corpuscles are very small, giving the impression of insufficient production by the body. In fact, platelets are produced with great speed, and with the same speed is being destroyed by antibodies in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Accordingly, blood flows only a small number of them.

Thrombocytopenia contributes to the impaired function of platelet haemostasis. Develops hemorrhagic syndrome microcirculatory type, and angiotroficheskoy failure. The endothelium of capillaries and small blood vessels undergoing degenerative changes, vascular wall becomes permeable for erythrocytes. The skin appear melkotochechnye hemorrhage. Petechiae are mostly localized on the lower extremities – the places with the greatest hydrostatic pressure. When squeezing the limb harness the number of petechiae increased.