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Myocarditis of the heart and its varieties
Classification
On the basis of the prevalence of pathological process, severity of the disease and development of complications in medicine classification of myocarditis.
Current patterns are:
- acute myocarditis with established or unspecified cause;
- chronic myocarditis;
- myocarditis.
Prevalence of the pathological process:
- focal (local lesion of the myocardium);
- diffuse (widespread damage to the heart muscle).
According to the severity of the disease:
- a mild form (without the development of significant morphological and functional disorders);
- average weight (increase in heart size without compromising the function);
- severe (heart failure, heart rhythm disturbances, cardiomegaly).
Clinical options:
- cardialgia (pain syndrome);
- arrhythmic;
- pseudocumene (signs resemble valvular);
- oligosymptomatic;
- thromboembolic (thrombosis of vessels);
- decompensated (formation of heart failure);
- combo.
According to the degree of heart failure (0-3 degree).
The disease is characterized by the appearance of an allergic reaction to exposure to an infectious agent (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites), toxins (organic and inorganic nature), drugs (antibiotics, vaccines, serums). The contact of pathogenic factor forms the hyperactivity of the immune system with release of biologically active substances (catecholamines, histamine, immunoglobulins).
Allergic myocarditis often affects the right heart and the interventricular septum. In the long course of the disease causes a diffuse cardiosclerosis, which leads to congestive heart failure, enlargement of the heart cavities, thinning of the myocardium and cardiac valve diseases.
Bacterial and viral myocarditis
Bacterial myocarditis develops on the background of chronic infection in the body and reducing the protective forces of the immune system. Diseases such as adnexitis, otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis can become a source of pathogens that in the blood enter the myocardium and trigger inflammation. Enteric infections (salmonellosis), diseases of the genital tract (chlamydia), diphtheria can lead to the development of myocarditis. At the same time in the heart muscle appear serous-purulent inflammation, which lead to the death of cardiomyocytes and proliferation of fibrous tissue.