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Mitral valve insufficiency (mitral insufficiency)

To accommodate the extra blood flowing from the left ventricle, the left atrium increases in size, starts wrong and too quick to decline because of atrial fibrillation. The pumping function of the heart muscle in mitral regurgitation is violated in connection with the irregular rhythm. The Atria don't contract, and shaking. The disruption of blood flow leads to thrombosis. In severe regurgitation develops heart failure.

Thus, it is possible to name the following as possible signs of the disease, which usually appear at the late stage of mitral regurgitation:

  • heartbeat;
  • unproductive dry cough which cannot be cured;
  • swelling of the feet;
  • shortness of breath occurs during exertion and later at rest as a result of stagnation of blood in the pulmonary vessels.

This defect may be associated with damage to the valve itself or in connection with pathological changes in the myocardium and the papillary muscles. Relative mitral insufficiency may develop with normal valve that does not close the hole that was stretched due to the increase of the left ventricle. The reasons may be the following:

Diagnosis

The main diagnostic methods of mitral regurgitation include:

  • inspection and conversation with the patient;
  • electrocardiography;
  • chest x-rays;
  • echocardiography.

When listening, the physician can determine the presence of mitral insufficiency by the characteristic sound during the contraction of the left ventricle. Chest x-ray and ECG help detect enlargement of the left ventricle. Echocardiography is the most informative method of diagnosis of mitral regurgitation and allows you to see the valve defects and rate the severity of the damage.

Treatment

Treatment of mitral insufficiency depends on the severity of the defect and reasons. Drugs used in atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia, to reduce heart rate. Light and moderate mitral regurgitation requireslimitations of emotional and physical stress. Need a healthy lifestyle, Smoking and consumption of alcohol should be abandoned.

оперативное лечение митральной недостаточности

In severe NMK appointed surgical treatment. Surgery to repair the valve should be carried out as early as possible, until irreversible changes of the left ventricle.

In the surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation is recovery. This operation is shown if the change of the heart valve is negligible. It can be plastic rings, plastic valves, constriction rings, replacement valves.

There is another option — removal of the damaged valve and replace it on mechanical. Klapalekiana operation not always can eliminate the regurgitation, but it can reduce it, and thus relieve the symptoms. As a result, the process of further heart damage is suspended. A more effective method is considered to be prosthetics. However, when an artificial valve is the risk of thrombosis, so the patient is forced to take means to prevent rapid blood clotting. In the event of damage to the prosthesis, it is necessary to replace it.

Forecast

The prognosis depends on the severity of the damage to the valve and the condition of the myocardium. Marked insufficiency and poor condition of the myocardium quickly lead to serious circulatory problems. About a bad prognosis can speak in the event of the accession of chronic heart failure. The mortality during the year is 28 %. With the relative failure of MK outcome of the disease depends upon the severity of circulatory disorders and diseases, which led to the defect.

In mild and moderate form of mitral insufficiency, the person may a long time to maintain the health, if will be observed by a cardiologist and follow his advice. The disease at these stages is not a contraindication for the birth of the child.