Features transmural myocardial infarction and its treatment

Causes of acute disorders of blood flow can be grouped into two groups:

• Lose leading vessels and atherosclerotic plaques with the separation of the plaque and the complete overlap of the lumen. A blood clot can be formed in various diseases, promoting "bonding" of blood platelets (anemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, diabetes mellitus).
• A sharp increase in demand for oxygen delivery when the blood vessels are not able to perform (hypertensive crisis, considerable physical stress, emotional stress, frequent heart rate of any origin, such as high body temperature).

These causes are mutually related. For example, severe stress causes an increase of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the blood. These hormones increase the heart rate and oxygen demand, but in atherosclerotic vessels are not able to expand for the growth of bloodstream.

• Angina is a very intense pain "razbiralsya" character behind the breastbone, spreading right and left half of the chest to hand, lasts from an hour to a day, accompanied by sudden weakness and dizziness (due to blood supply disturbances in the brain);
• Gastralgia — found in 5% of cases. Pain localized in the epigastric region, extends upward behind the sternum, similar to symptom of peptic ulcer disease, often accompanied by vomiting. Such patients can be hospitalized with the diagnosis "acute abdomen" in surgery Department.
• Asthma manifests itself in the form of choking, rolling in pulmonary edema. In this form of pain may not be.
• Rare form of cerebral infarction with clinical manifestations of stroke and painless option.

The increase in body temperature to 38.5 degrees occurs on the second day and lasts about a week.

Rhythm disturbances of heart contractions occur in the acute period in 43% of cases.

The symptoms of cardiogenic shock almost always accompanied by a transmural infarct. Appears pale, and cyanotic skin, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure.

Diagnosis

A significant role belongs to the ECG study in transmural myocardial infarction. The principle of electrocardiography based on the recording of electrical potentials different parts of the heart. When necrosis occurs and violation typical pattern.

The conclusion gives an indication of the limitation of infarct, prevalence, depth of lesions, localization of the process. It is very important for the doctor determining the breadth of the damage zone around the necrosis, which can still be reversible. ECG pattern depends on the stage of the course of myocardial changes as repair of cells and scarring of necrosis.