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The main symptoms and signs of leukemia

Types of leukemia

Since the degeneration of cells can be carried out at different levels of hematopoiesis, leukemia the blood may be divided into the following types:

  • depending on mammologicheskikh and cytochemical features of the tumor: acute and chronic leukemia;
  • depending on the cells-predecessors: acute non-lymphocytic and acute lymphocytic leukemia.

In turn, non-lymphocytic leukemia is divided into monoblastic, megacaryoblastic, myeloid leukemia, erythroleukemia, etc Lymphoblastic leukemia B - and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia etc.

In the course of the disease is divided into several stages:

  1. initial;
  2. deployed: the first attack, and remission (stop the process or recovery), relapse (repeat);
  3. terminal.

Manifestations of the disease

The symptoms of leukemia are very diverse, so they combine in syndromes:

  1. Hyperplastic growth of cells in the bone marrow and beyond. Manifested by enlarged liver, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils; skin lesions and meninges (leukemia, CNS leukemia), heart, kidneys, lungs.
  2. Anemia – reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.
  3. Hemorrhagic performed and shown by fine spotty rash on skin and mucous integument. In severe cases are formed by extensive bleeding or the strongest uterine, gastrointestinal, epistaxis.
  4. Intoxication – fever, weakness, weight loss, sweating.

On the skin found lakeside multiple light brown seals. In hyperplastic syndrome marked increase in cervical lymph nodes, spleen and liver. With involvement of the lungs difficulty breathing, and inspection data showing signs of pneumonia. In the case of damage to the heart border its are increasing, there is rapid heartbeat. The affected bowel gives tenderness to palpation in the upper abdomen of honor.

If CNS leukemia is revealed stiff neck, decreased muscle tonus, pathological neurological symptoms.

For anemic syndrome is characterized by pallor of the skin, tachycardia, hemorrhagic rash.

Laboratory diagnosis

For the correct diagnosis of chronic or acute leukemia, it is sufficient to examine the blood taken from the vein, and bone marrow.

In the analysis of blood, there is a high or low number of white blood cells. The main symptom of leukemia – blastic cells (blastema). For acute leukemia is characterized by leukemic hiatus that manifested a small number of Mature neutrophils, an almost complete absence of intermediate forms and a large number of blast cells. Other blood counts (reduced number of red blood cells or platelets, elevated levels ofbilirubin) are different for different disease syndromes.