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Symptoms of congenital and acquired heart defects

All the symptoms of VPS are conventionally divided into four groups:

  1. Cardiac syndrome manifested by shortness of breath, pain in the chest, failure of the heart often tachycardia, pallor, cyanosis or blueness of the skin and mucous membranes.
  2. The syndrome of heart failure is expressed as tachycardia, cyanosis, attacks of shortness of breath.
  3. The syndrome of chronic hypoxia there is a lag in development and growth, thickening of the terminal phalanges of the fingers, deformation of the nails.
  4. Respiratory disorders: the delay and the shortness of breath, retraction of the lower part of the chest, protrusion of the abdomen, cyanosis of the mucous membranes and skin, deafness of tones, slow or rapid pulse.

There are several classifications of congenital heart disease. Accepted conditional division into two groups: white and blue. In the first case, the left-right reset without mixing of venous and arterial blood. The second reset, right-left, arterial blood mixed with venous.

Symptoms blue defect are detected at an early age. Abnormality of the heart may occur a sudden attack in which there is shortness of breath, fever, cyanosis and even loss of consciousness.

Signs of the white defect of the same, but appear at a later age – in children after 8 years. In addition, in this pathology of the lower torso are usually behind in development.

Vices acquired

Acquired heart disease can develop in adults and children. A defect of one or more valves, so they are called valve. This may be a stenosis (narrowing) or insufficiency of the valves, and combinations thereof. Existing defects interfere with the normal flow of blood. Developing acquired heart abnormalities as a result of illness, congestion or enlargement of the heart chambers. This defect can be caused by inflammatory processes, infectious diseases and autoimmune reactions.

Symptoms

Clinical manifestations depend on the type of defect and its severity. Symptoms are determined by location (mitral, aortic or tricuspid valve), and the number of affected valves. In addition, the symptoms depend on functional forms: stenosis, insufficiency, presence of stenosis or insufficiency on multiple heart valves, and the presence of stenosis, and failure in one valve.

Mitral stenosis

Characterized by shortness of breath that occurs at first only during exertion and later at rest. Has dry or wet cough, hoarseness, hemoptysis. Quickens the heartbeat, the heart has been disrupted, swollen limbs. Patients complain of pain in the chest and under the ribs on the right. The patient has weakness and fatigue. In severe cases, possible pulmonary edema andasthma attacks.

Mitral insufficiency

First, the shortness of breath is present only during physical exertion, after some time there, and at rest. The patient complains of pain in the heart, weakness and palpitations. Occurs dry or slightly damp cough. The examination detected the noise at the top of the heart, increase myocardial up and left.

Aortic insufficiency

Subjective symptoms such a defect could occur in connection with compensation due to the work of the left ventricle. Pain in the heart with aortic insufficiency are usually not removed or does not pass after taking nitroglycerin. Patients complain of headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath and chest pain at exertion and later at rest, palpitations, feeling of heaviness and pain in the right hypochondrium. Observed pallor of the skin, the pulsation of the arteries of the neck and head, leg swelling, possible fainting.

недостаточность аортального клапана

Aortic stenosis

The signs of such a defect may not appear for a long time. Typical symptoms are headache, dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath on exertion, chest pain, usually compressive. In the future, there pain in right hypochondrium, high fatigue, swelling of extremities, shortness of breath at rest, asthma attack. Observed pale skin, low pulse, high or normal diastolic pressure and decreased systolic. Signs of aortic stenosis is more pronounced with physical and emotional stress.

Tricuspid insufficiency

This type of heart disease in its pure form is rare, usually it is combined with other defects of the valve. With the development of tricuspid insufficiency cause edema, heaviness in the right hypochondrium, ascites possible. The skin becomes cyanotic, may present a yellowish tint, there is a swelling and pulsation of the veins of the liver and neck. Blood pressure elevated, pulse rapid. May cause liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract.

Combined defects

Combined heart defects are more common than isolated. This may be affected by one valve or two or three.

Possible associated defects, in which one valve is detected two defects: stenosis and insufficiency. The combined symptoms of heart disease depend on the prevalence of one lesion over another. In some cases, the signs of both defects are equally expressed.

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Most often there is a simultaneous stenosis and mitral valve insufficiency. Usually dominated by symptoms of any one. Signs of such a defect are shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. If there is predominant stenosis of the mitral heart valve, there has been a low heart rate, increased diastolic and decreased systolic blood pressure. If more pronounced insufficiency, not stenosis, the blood pressure and pulse may remain normal.

Also in the case of mitral lesions, dominated by a stenosis, will be present signs of stenosis of the left atrioventricular holes. Is shortness of breath, hemoptysis, palpitations, malfunction of the heart. If more pronounced mitral insufficiency, the symptoms will be pain in the heart, a dry cough or production of small amounts of sputum.