What is cardiovascular surgery

The practice of surgical methods of treatment of diseases of the heart and vessels have proven their effectiveness and necessity. Needed specialists with the appropriate training and qualifications. This caused the allocation of branch of cardiovascular surgery, determine the volume of surgical interventions and the structure of medical specialist care.

For doctors working in large centers, offices called "Vascular surgery" has eligibility requirements. The document specifies that treats vascular surgeon that he must be able, what are the minimum procedures and equipment operations to perform. Skills and angiosurgeon is not limited to the orders.

How are the surgeons in the vessels and heart?

In colloquial speech we tend to call specialty physician for the diseases that he treats. This is common among medical professionals, cardiovascular surgery is often referred to as cardiac surgery. But the correct name of the specialties developed by the Ministry of health of the country. So, according to the latest nomenclature, published in 2015, there are no such specialties:

• the angiosurgeon,
• children's vascular surgeon,
• doctor-phlebologist.

Features:

• physician-cardiovascular surgeon,
• physician-vascular surgeon,
• thoracic surgeon,
• cardiologist,
• pediatric cardiologist.

Cardiologists do not operate, and engaged in conservative treatment. Thoracic surgery in the European countries and the United States includes a section of cardiovascular surgery, and the professionals operate not only on the heart and large vessels, but also in all the organs of the chest.

In Russia, these areas are separated, although the surgeon know what approaches, methods of anesthesia are often used common. The structure of specialized care highlights vascular branches that do not conduct heart operations, but are engaged in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of veins, arteries (obliterating endarteritis, atherosclerosis), microvascular surgery is used.

• varicose veins;
• varicocele;
• diabetic angiopathy;
• arteriovenous fistula;
• thrombosis and thrombophlebitis;
• carotid artery stenosis;
• encephalopathy associated with impaired blood circulation;
• violation of patency of the brachiocephalic vessels (that provide blood flow to the brain);
• thromboangiitis obliterans;
• lymphedema;
• Raynaud's syndrome;
• other rare syndromes associated with abnormal direction, shape, location of vessels.

Methods of diagnosis in vascular surgery

One of the sections of the work of the vascular surgeon, the final diagnosis of the disease. Before to operate,to install the main factor in the defeat of the great vessels. Surgeons require with regard to advice to have on hand an extract from conducted main analyses.

To determine the extent of vascular injury is required to hold:

• ultrasonic duplex scanning — two-dimensional image gives an indication of the blood flow in the study area, the state of the vascular wall, size, patency of vessels, the method is most applicable in the diagnosis of blood supply to the extremities;
• angiography refers to the radiographic methods, before using the catheter the injection of contrast substance into the receptacles, shows the localization of the thrombus, the degree of narrowing;
• coronary angiography is used to study the patency of the coronary arteries;
• cerebral angiography allows to investigate the blood supply of the brain;
• Doppler ultrasound of the carotid arteries reveals a hotbed of narrowing of the arteries that feed the brain;
• Ultrasound of the heart — allows you to visually see the adaptive mechanisms of the heart chambers, the direction of blood flow, return defects;
• ECG in the presence of arrhythmias is done in Holter mode during the day with the subsequent decoding.

Sometimes vascular surgeons require an ultrasound of the adrenal glands and thyroid to eliminate the influence of their hormones on existing pathology.

What test results need to have to examination a vascular surgeon?

Primary diagnosis and the decision of the surgeon about the treatment or more full examination involves examining the patient, checking the pulsations of the arteries, palpation of the veins. To characterize the circulation you will need:

• analysis of blood leukocyte formula and of platelet;
• coagulation;
• cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides (atherogenic coefficient);
• in certain diseases the desired immunological studies;
• urine;
• ECG, ultrasound of the heart.

If the doctor will require additional research, he will appoint them at the reception.

What operations are performed in cents of cardiovascular surgery

The selection of patients for hospitalization do consultant surgeons. Specialty centers are located in major regional cities.