Complications after myocardial infarction

Rupture of the interventricular septum

Occurs in the first five days from the beginning of myocardial infarction. More common in women, elderly, hypertension, high heart rate, with anterior infarcts. Usually shown earlier surgical treatment, the application of endovascular techniques. Of drugs prescribed vasodilator drugs.

Mitral insufficiency

In most cases, after a myocardial infarction develops mild or moderate mitral regurgitation. Usually it is transient. Life-threatening severe form, due to rupture of a papillary muscle, which happens usually in the first day from the beginning of a heart attack. This complication occurs most often in heart attacks lower localization.

When mitral regurgitation is medication. In severe form, caused by ischemia and not by rupture of the papillary muscle shown coronary angioplasty. When rupture of papillary muscle needs an urgent operation, otherwise we can talk about a bad prognosis.

Rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle

It happens only in the case of transmural myocardial infarction. In the first five days is 50% of the breaks. Most at risk are patients with first heart attack, women, the elderly and those with hypertension. Require urgent assistance in the form of surgical closure of the defect.

Thromboembolism

Thromboembolism of the big circle of blood circulation usually occurs in the first ten days from the onset of a heart attack. As a rule, is observed in the infarction of the anterior localization. With large infarcts showed a slow introduction into the vein of heparin on the first day, then administered anticoagulant therapy with warfarin.

In postinfarction syndrome at the same time inflamed pleura, pericardium, lungs. It happens that only one develops pathology more often – it is pericarditis, which can join in pleurisy and pneumonitis. This syndrome occurs as an immunological reaction to tissue necrosis. Shown hormone treatment.

Late pericarditis

It is believed that the disease has an autoimmune mechanism of development. Occurs in the period from 1 to 8 weeks after the onset of myocardial infarction. First shown aspirin can then be assigned to glucocorticoids.

Parietal thromboangiitis

Develops after transmural myocardial infarction. Characterized by the formation of blood clots on the walls of the heart chambers.

Chronic heart failure

This complication is the heart is unable to pump blood in the right amount, and means to supply tissues and organs with oxygen. The characteristics– shortness of breath and swelling. You want to lead a healthy lifestyle, get rid of bad habits, to monitor the pressure. Usually prescribed beta-blockers to reduce the heart muscle demand for oxygen.

Chronic aneurysm of the heart

Chronic aneurysm is formed after 1,5 – 2 month after the beginning of myocardial infarction. By this time she's totally scarring, interferes with the functioning of the heart, contributes to the development of heart failure. Shown medication. In some cases, required surgical intervention in which the aneurysm was excised and the defect sutured to the heart muscle.

Postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Develops as a result of the replacement of the dead during the myocardial tissue of the myocardial fibrous connective tissue. Such a diagnosis within 2-4 months after the start of a heart attack. Due to the formation of scar plots with deteriorating contractile function of the heart, which leads to disruption of heart rhythm and conduction, and to the development of heart failure. Shows the limitation of physical and emotional stress, constant medications. In the case of severe rhythm disorders may require surgical treatment.

Other complications

After myocardial infarction is not excluded complications of genitourinary system and gastrointestinal tract, psychiatric disorders (psychoses, depression).